What Are the Typical Specifications for ESS Lithium-Ion Batteries?

Energy Storage System (ESS) lithium-ion batteries come with a range of specifications that cater to different needs, from residential to large-scale applications. Here are the typical specifications you might encounter:

General Specifications

  • Capacity:
    • Typical capacities range from 2.76 kWh to over 688 kWh. For instance, batteries like those from Fox ESS offer capacities of 2.76 kWh and 4.74 kWh, while larger systems from Reap Battery can reach up to 688 kWh.
  • Nominal Voltage:
    • Nominal voltages generally range from 25.2V to 1229V. For example, the SAKO ESS-1KW battery operates at 25.2V, whereas utility-scale solutions can have voltages as high as 1229V.
  • Depth of Discharge (DoD):
    • Many lithium-ion batteries have a high DoD, often around 90%, which allows for more usable energy compared to traditional battery technologies.
  • Cycle Life:
    • Lithium-ion batteries typically offer a cycle life of 2000 to 6000 cycles or more, depending on usage and DoD. For example, Fox ESS batteries are designed to last at least 6000 cycles.
  • Charge and Discharge Efficiency:
    • Charge and discharge efficiencies are usually high, often exceeding 95%, meaning that only a minimal amount of energy is lost during these processes.
  • Operating Temperature:
    • Most batteries operate effectively within a temperature range of -10°C to 55°C for discharge and 0°C to 55°C for charging, allowing them to function in various environmental conditions.
  • Safety Features:
    • Advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) are commonly included, offering features such as overcharge protection, thermal management, and cell balancing to enhance safety and performance.
  • Weight and Dimensions:
    • Weight and dimensions vary based on capacity and design. A typical 5 kWh battery might weigh around 55 kg and have dimensions of approximately 214 x 621 x 550 mm.
  • Communication Interfaces:
    • Many modern ESS batteries support various communication protocols (e.g., CAN, RS485) for integration with energy management systems and monitoring solutions.

Conclusion

These specifications illustrate the versatility and performance capabilities of ESS lithium-ion batteries, making them suitable for various applications, from residential to commercial and utility-scale energy storage. When choosing a battery, consider these factors to ensure it meets your specific energy storage requirements.